HKAN | June 2025

The Ethereum network is the world’s second-largest blockchain by market cap, powering thousands of decentralized apps (copyright), smart contracts, and copyright tokens. For traders, understanding how Ethereum transactions work is essential for making informed decisions and avoiding costly mistakes.

How Ethereum Transactions Work

An Ethereum transaction is a signed data package sent from one address to another. This can involve:

Sending ETH (Ethereum’s native currency)

Interacting with smart contracts

Moving ERC-20 tokens like USDT, LINK, or UNI

Deploying new smart contracts

Key Components of a Transaction:

From Address: Sender’s wallet

To Address: Recipient’s wallet or contract

Gas Price: Fee paid per computational step

Gas Limit: Maximum units of gas the sender allows for the transaction

Nonce: Transaction number (prevents double spending)

Data: Optional extra data (e.g., smart contract interaction)

What Are Ethereum Gas Fees?

Gas fees are transaction costs paid in ETH to incentivize miners (or validators, in proof-of-stake Ethereum) to process and confirm transactions.

Factors Affecting Gas Fees:

Network congestion: More users = higher fees

Transaction complexity: Smart contract interactions cost more than a simple ETH transfer

Priority: Higher gas fees = faster confirmation

You can check live gas prices using websites like Etherscan Gas Tracker or ETH Gas Station.

Ethereum Transaction Speed

Ethereum transaction times vary based on:

Transaction Type Average Speed

Basic ETH transfer 15 seconds to 5 minutes

Token transfers Up to 10 minutes

NFT minting or DeFi swaps 5–30 minutes (sometimes longer in peak times)

Pending Transactions and Stuck TX

Sometimes your Ethereum transaction may get stuck pending. Reasons include:

Setting a low gas fee

Network congestion

Nonce issues (sending multiple transactions too quickly)

What traders can do:

Speed up: Pay higher gas to push your transaction

Cancel: Send a zero-value transaction with the same nonce and higher gas

Wallets like copyright and apps like Etherscan provide tools for managing stuck transactions.

Tips for Traders Using the Ethereum Network

1. Always check current gas prices before sending large or time-sensitive trades.

2. Avoid high-volume periods like NFT minting rushes or major token launches.

3. Use Layer-2 solutions like Arbitrum or Optimism for cheaper transactions when possible.

4. Double-check smart contract addresses to avoid scams or errors.

5. Keep ETH in your wallet for gas fees, even when trading ERC-20 tokens.

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